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6 Months of Researching OAuth Application Attacks | Huntress
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6 Months of Researching OAuth Application Attacks | Huntress

Huntress details six months of research into malicious Azure/Entra ID OAuth applications, splitting them into "Traitorware" (legitimate-looking apps commonly abused by attackers, ~10% of surveyed tenants had at least one) and "Stealthware" (custom-built OAuth Illicit Consent Grant apps used for persistence and data theft). Drawing on enumeration of 8,000+ tenants and Huntress partner telemetry, the SOC found over 500 confirmed Stealthware instances and identifies detection heuristics (low global app prevalence + single-user delegation + powerful permission scopes). The post also announces Cazadora, an open-source script that authenticates via Graph API to hunt rogue Enterprise Applications and App Registrations for known malicious naming patterns and reply URLs.

TL;DR Huntress research shows malicious OAuth apps ("Traitorware"/"Stealthware") are widespread in Azure/M365 tenants, and releases the open-source hunting tool Cazadora.

Organisations named here

  • BSidesNYC
  • Stealthware
  • Traitorware

Technologies named here

  • Microsoft 365
  • Cazadora
  • Azure Entra ID
  • Huntress Unwanted Access capability
  • Rogue Apps repository
  • Azure Enterprise Applications
  • Azure Application Registrations
  • Microsoft Graph API
  • Azure
  • OAuth
  • Microsoft Entra ID
  • Unwanted Access

Techniques named here

  • OAuth Illicit Consent Grant Attack
  • Traitorware abuse of legitimate OAuth apps
  • Malicious OAuth app installation via default consent
  • Credential theft
  • Token theft
  • Adversary-in-the-middle
  • Location/VPN anomaly login detection
  • Kerberoasting